The Science Behind Detergents

How Detergents Work

Detergents contain surfactants - molecules that have both water-attracting and water-repelling properties. These molecules surround dirt and oil particles, breaking them away from fabric fibers and suspending them in water so they can be rinsed away.

Enzymes in Modern Detergents

Many modern detergents contain enzymes that break down specific types of stains. Protease enzymes target protein-based stains like blood and grass, while amylase enzymes break down starch-based stains. Lipase enzymes help with greasy stains.

pH Levels and Fabric Safety

Detergents are typically alkaline, which helps break down dirt and oils. However, the pH level must be balanced to avoid damaging fabrics. High-quality detergents maintain an optimal pH that cleans effectively without harming fibers.

Water Softeners and Builders

Detergents often contain water softeners that prevent minerals in hard water from interfering with cleaning. Builders help maintain the right pH and enhance the effectiveness of surfactants.

Choosing the Right Detergent

Different detergents are formulated for different needs - high-efficiency washers, sensitive skin, or specific fabric types. Understanding the science helps you choose the best detergent for your laundry needs.